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Conway Yard
Conway Yard is a major rail yard located in the boroughs of Conway and Freedom, Pennsylvania, northwest of Pittsburgh, along the Ohio River. It was the largest freight yard in the world from 1956 until 1980.〔Edwin Kraft, "The Yard: Railroading's Hidden Half." (''Trains'' Magazine ), Vol. 62, No. 6, June 2002. p. 48.〕 It is currently owned by Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) and is the second largest yard in the United States. (The largest is Bailey Yard in North Platte, Nebraska.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.goldenspiketower.com/BYhistory.php )〕)
==History==
Conway Yard was initially built by the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway, a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), in 1884, and expanded in the early 20th century. In 1905 it had a capacity of 8,967 cars and typically processed 2,300 cars per day. The enlarged yard was one of four built in Pennsylvania at that time, as part of a major PRR expansion. (The others were Altoona Yard, Enola Yard, and Harrisburg Yard.)〔
The PRR began rebuilding the yard in 1953. After an investment of $35 million ($ million today) the new eastbound yard opened in 1956 while the rebuilt westbound facilities opened in stages during 1957 and 1958.〔Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), Philadelphia, PA (1957). ("Board of Directors Inspection Trip." ) Report.〕 Its newly expanded capacity was 9,000 cars per day, the largest in the United States, surpassing Enola Yard. Conway was rebuilt with both eastbound and westbound hump classification yards, and a total of 99 classification tracks, at a cost of about $35 million, according to a 1957 PRR publication.〔PRR (1957). ( "Conway Yard on the Pennsylvania Railroad." ) Brochure.〕 A 1958 publication describes a total of 107 classification tracks. The westbound hump yard was outfitted with an automatic control system called VELAC, which was designed and installed by the Union Switch and Signal Company.〔PRR and Union Switch and Signal Co., Swissvale, PA (1958). ("Conway Yard." ) Bulletin 172.〕 It was described as the "world's largest push-button yard."〔 The eastbound hump yard was installed with semi-automatic operation.〔 A terminal for transferring coal from river barges to rail cars was located at the south end of the yard.〔
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